Movement Baseline Assessment
Evaluate your current activity level, strength, mobility, and movement patterns.
## đź“– The Story
Two Approaches to Movement​
Meet Alex and Jordan—same age, similar jobs, completely different approaches to understanding their fitness.
Alex's Approach: The Avoider
Alex has always thought of themselves as "pretty active." They walk the dog most days and occasionally hit the gym. When a friend suggests taking a movement assessment, Alex brushes it off.
"I don't need numbers to tell me how fit I am. I feel fine. Besides, I'm afraid the results will just make me feel bad about myself."
Over the next year, Alex notices they're getting winded going upstairs. Their lower back hurts after sitting at their desk. They try a yoga class but can't keep up and feel embarrassed. They assume "this is just getting older."
Without a baseline, Alex has no reference point. Are they declining? Improving? Should they focus on strength or cardio? They drift through different exercise trends without clear direction, never quite sure if what they're doing is working.
Jordan's Approach: The Measurer
Jordan takes the same assessment their friend recommended. The results are humbling: 52/100. Lower than expected.
But instead of feeling discouraged, Jordan sees something valuable: specific information.
- Daily movement: 8/20 (sitting 9 hours daily)
- Strength: 10/25 (no regular resistance training)
- Plank: 2/10 (only 20 seconds)
- Balance: 7/10 (actually pretty good)
Jordan now has a roadmap. They don't need to overhaul everything—just address the biggest gaps. They start with:
- Walking 10 minutes after lunch (daily movement)
- Two 20-minute strength sessions per week (basic squats, push-ups, planks)
Eight weeks later, Jordan re-assesses: 64/100. The improvement is concrete and motivating. Their plank went from 20 seconds to 45. Their daily steps increased from 3,500 to 7,000.
A year later: 78/100. Jordan isn't an athlete, but they're strong enough for life. They can play with their kids without pain. They carry groceries with ease. When their back starts feeling tight, they know it's time to focus on mobility again.
The Difference
Both Alex and Jordan started in similar places. But Jordan's willingness to measure created a clear path forward. They knew where they were weak, could track if their efforts were working, and adjusted based on data rather than guesswork.
The assessment didn't judge Jordan—it guided them.
What This Story Teaches​
Avoiding assessment doesn't protect you from decline—it just makes it invisible.
When you measure your movement baseline:
- You stop guessing and start knowing
- You can focus efforts where they matter most
- You catch decline before it becomes limiting
- You have proof that your work is paying off
- You stay motivated by seeing real progress
Your starting point doesn't matter. Your direction does.
Whether you score 40 or 80, you now have information. And information is the foundation of improvement.
## đź§ The Science
The Science of Movement Assessment​
Understanding why baseline assessment matters requires looking at what movement actually does for your body—and what happens when you don't measure it.
Why Baseline Matters
Movement isn't a single thing. It's a complex combination of different physical capabilities, each contributing to your overall health and function.
The Four Core Components of Movement Fitness:
-
Strength - Your muscles' ability to generate force
- Maintains muscle mass (which naturally declines 3-8% per decade after 30)
- Preserves bone density and prevents osteoporosis
- Supports metabolic health (muscle tissue is metabolically active)
- Enables functional activities (carrying, lifting, climbing)
-
Cardiovascular Endurance - Your heart and lungs' ability to deliver oxygen
- Strongest predictor of longevity (VO2 max correlates with lifespan)
- Reduces risk of heart disease, stroke, and metabolic disease
- Improves daily energy levels and resilience to stress
- Enhances recovery from any physical activity
-
Flexibility and Mobility - Your joints' range of motion and tissue extensibility
- Prevents compensatory movement patterns that lead to injury
- Maintains functional movement quality (bending, reaching, twisting)
- Reduces chronic pain, especially in back, hips, and shoulders
- Declines rapidly with sedentary behavior and age
-
Balance and Stability - Your body's ability to control position in space
- Critical predictor of fall risk (falls are leading cause of injury in older adults)
- Requires integration of vision, inner ear, and proprioception
- Reflects neuromuscular coordination and brain health
- Deteriorates quickly without specific practice
Why You Can't Improve What You Don't Measure:
Research consistently shows that people dramatically overestimate their activity levels. When asked, people report being "moderately active," but objective tracking reveals:
- Actual steps are 30-40% lower than estimated
- Sitting time is 2-3 hours more than perceived
- Exercise frequency is overstated by about 50%
- Intensity of activity is generally overestimated
This perception gap means you need objective assessment to know reality.
Functional Movement Screening
The physical tests in this assessment aren't random—they're validated measures of functional capacity:
Sit-to-Stand Test:
- Predicts ability to perform daily activities independently
- Correlates with hospitalization risk in older adults
- Reflects leg strength, balance, and neuromuscular coordination
- Validated across multiple age groups and populations
Plank Hold:
- Measures core stability and trunk endurance
- Predicts lower back pain risk (weak core = higher risk)
- Correlates with overall muscular endurance
- Reflects postural control during sustained effort
Toe Touch Test:
- Assesses posterior chain flexibility (hamstrings, lower back)
- Indicates compensatory movement patterns
- Predicts injury risk in dynamic activities
- Reflects habitual movement quality
Single-Leg Balance:
- Strongest predictor of fall risk (especially over age 60)
- Requires brain-body integration (proprioception)
- Reflects ankle and hip stability
- Declines rapidly without practice, improves quickly with training
Progress Tracking and the Power of Baselines
The scientific principle here is simple but powerful: measurement enables improvement.
How baselines enable progress:
-
Identifies specific deficits - Instead of vague "I should exercise more," you know exactly what's weak (e.g., "My core strength is poor, scoring only 2/10 on plank")
-
Prevents wasted effort - If your flexibility is already good but strength is poor, you can stop doing extra yoga and start lifting weights
-
Motivates through proof - Seeing your plank go from 20 seconds to 60 seconds is concrete evidence your training works
-
Catches decline early - A score dropping from 75 to 65 over six months signals something's wrong before you're functionally limited
-
Guides appropriate progression - You know when to increase intensity (scores plateauing) vs. when to maintain (scores stable and high)
Research on Assessment-Guided Training:
Studies comparing "self-guided" exercise to "assessment-guided" training consistently show:
- 2-3x greater improvement in weak areas when training is guided by baseline testing
- Better long-term adherence (people stay motivated by visible progress)
- More balanced fitness development (vs. only training what you're already good at)
- Reduced injury rates (addressing weaknesses prevents compensatory patterns)
The Bottom Line:
Your body is a complex system with multiple components that all contribute to health and function. Without measuring each component, you're flying blind—relying on perception, which is notoriously inaccurate.
A movement baseline gives you:
- Truth: Objective data on current state
- Direction: Clear areas needing attention
- Feedback: Proof that your efforts work
- Motivation: Concrete progress to celebrate
The assessment isn't about judgment. It's about information—the foundation of improvement.
🧠Science​
Why Movement Assessment Matters
The Foundation of Health​
Movement is not just exercise—it's the foundation of human health. Your body was designed to move, and regular physical activity influences nearly every system in your body.
Key Scientific Findings:
-
Longevity & Disease Prevention
- Regular movement reduces all-cause mortality by 30-40%
- Decreases risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers
- Stronger predictor of health than body weight alone
-
Brain Health
- Exercise increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor)
- Improves memory, focus, and cognitive function
- Reduces dementia risk by up to 30%
-
Metabolic Function
- Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation
- Increases mitochondrial density and function
- Enhances fat oxidation and metabolic flexibility
-
Musculoskeletal Health
- Maintains bone density and muscle mass
- Supports joint health and mobility
- Prevents age-related functional decline
Why Baseline Assessment?
You can't improve what you don't measure. A movement baseline:
- Identifies current strengths and weaknesses
- Predicts future health risks
- Tracks progress over time
- Motivates behavior change
The Four Pillars of Movement:
| Pillar | Why It Matters | What Happens Without It |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Activity | Metabolic health, energy expenditure | Metabolic dysfunction, weight gain |
| Strength | Functional capacity, bone density | Sarcopenia, frailty, falls |
| Cardiovascular | Heart health, endurance | Poor aerobic capacity, disease risk |
| Mobility | Range of motion, injury prevention | Stiffness, pain, movement limitations |
🚶 Journey​
Timeline of Movement Assessment Process
Your Assessment Journey​
Understanding the process helps you prepare mentally and physically for this assessment.
Before Assessment (2-3 days)
- Read through instructions
- Prepare comfortable clothing
- Ensure you have a timer
- Choose a time when you feel typical (not sick or exhausted)
- Clear space for physical tests
Day of Assessment
Phase 1: Preparation (5 minutes)
├─ Read all instructions
├─ Warm up lightly (optional walk)
└─ Get timer and recording materials ready
Phase 2: Questionnaire (5 minutes)
├─ Answer 12 questions honestly
├─ Think about typical behavior, not best-case
└─ Record scores for each section
Phase 3: Physical Tests (5-10 minutes)
├─ Test 1: Sit-to-Stand (30 seconds)
├─ Rest (1-2 minutes)
├─ Test 2: Plank Hold (until failure)
├─ Rest (1-2 minutes)
├─ Test 3: Toe Touch (single attempt)
├─ Rest (1 minute)
└─ Test 4: Single-Leg Balance (both sides)
Phase 4: Scoring (5 minutes)
├─ Calculate total score
├─ Review score interpretation
└─ Identify weakest components
After Assessment
- Record your total score and date
- Identify 1-2 priority areas for improvement
- Create action plan based on results
- Schedule re-assessment in 4-8 weeks
Re-Assessment Timeline
| When | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 4 weeks | After starting new routine—verify you're on track |
| 8-12 weeks | Track meaningful progress |
| Quarterly | Monitor long-term trends |
| Annually | Major check-in, adjust goals |
📖 Instructions​
How to Take This Assessment
Time Required: 10 minutes
This Assessment Has Two Parts:
- Questionnaire (5 min) - Answer questions about your habits
- Physical Tests (5 min) - Simple movement tests you can do at home
Before You Begin:
- Wear comfortable clothing for physical tests
- Have a timer available
- Answer honestly about typical behavior
- Physical tests should be done when you feel normal (not exhausted or sick)
Scoring:
- Maximum possible: 100 points
- Questionnaire: 60 points
- Physical tests: 40 points
📋 Part 1: Questionnaire (60 points)​
Answer These 12 Questions
Section A: Daily Movement (20 points)​
Q1. How many steps do you typically take per day?
- 10,000+ (5 points)
- 7,500-10,000 (4 points)
- 5,000-7,500 (2 points)
- Less than 5,000 (0 points)
Q2. How much time do you spend sitting each day?
- Less than 4 hours (5 points)
- 4-6 hours (3 points)
- 6-8 hours (1 point)
- More than 8 hours (0 points)
Q3. Do you take movement breaks during prolonged sitting?
- Yes, every 30-60 minutes (5 points)
- Sometimes, every 1-2 hours (3 points)
- Rarely (1 point)
- Never—sit for hours at a time (0 points)
Q4. How often do you walk for transportation or errands?
- Daily (5 points)
- Several times per week (3 points)
- Occasionally (1 point)
- Rarely or never (0 points)
Section B: Structured Exercise (25 points)​
Q5. How many days per week do you do strength/resistance training?
- 3+ days (5 points)
- 2 days (4 points)
- 1 day (2 points)
- None (0 points)
Q6. How many minutes of moderate cardio (brisk walking, cycling) per week?
- 150+ minutes (5 points)
- 90-150 minutes (4 points)
- 45-90 minutes (2 points)
- Less than 45 minutes (0 points)
Q7. How many minutes of vigorous cardio (running, HIIT) per week?
- 75+ minutes (5 points)
- 45-75 minutes (4 points)
- 15-45 minutes (2 points)
- None (0 points)
- (Note: Moderate counts double—don't double-count if Q6 is high)
Q8. Do you include flexibility/mobility work in your routine?
- Yes, 2-3+ times per week (5 points)
- Yes, about weekly (3 points)
- Occasionally (1 point)
- Never (0 points)
Q9. Do you include balance training in your routine?
- Yes, regularly (5 points)
- Sometimes (3 points)
- Rarely (1 point)
- Never (0 points)
Section C: Movement Quality (15 points)​
Q10. Do you experience pain during daily movements? (Getting up, walking, bending, reaching)
- No pain (5 points)
- Occasional minor discomfort (3 points)
- Frequent pain or limitations (1 point)
- Daily pain affecting function (0 points)
Q11. How is your posture during daily activities?
- Generally good, aware of it (5 points)
- Okay but could be better (3 points)
- Poor—often slouching (1 point)
- Very poor—causes pain (0 points)
Q12. How confident are you in your physical abilities? (Carrying groceries, climbing stairs, playing with kids/pets)
- Very confident—can do anything (5 points)
- Mostly confident (3 points)
- Some limitations (1 point)
- Significant limitations (0 points)
📋 Part 2: Physical Tests (40 points)​
Complete These 4 Tests
Test 1: Sit-to-Stand (Balance & Leg Strength)​
Instructions:
- Sit on a chair (standard height, no arms)
- Cross your arms over your chest
- Stand up and sit down as many times as you can in 30 seconds
- Count full cycles (up AND down = 1)
Scoring:
-
Men under 50 / Women under 50:
- 17+ reps (10 points)
- 14-16 reps (7 points)
- 11-13 reps (4 points)
- <11 reps (1 point)
-
Men 50-70 / Women 50-70:
- 15+ reps (10 points)
- 12-14 reps (7 points)
- 9-11 reps (4 points)
- <9 reps (1 point)
-
Men 70+ / Women 70+:
- 12+ reps (10 points)
- 9-11 reps (7 points)
- 6-8 reps (4 points)
- <6 reps (1 point)
Your Score: ___/10
Test 2: Plank Hold (Core Stability)​
Instructions:
- Get into a forearm plank position
- Hold as long as you can with good form
- Stop when your hips sag or rise significantly
- Time yourself
Scoring:
- 90+ seconds (10 points)
- 60-90 seconds (8 points)
- 30-60 seconds (5 points)
- 15-30 seconds (2 points)
- <15 seconds (0 points)
Your Score: ___/10
Test 3: Touch Your Toes (Flexibility)​
Instructions:
- Stand with feet together
- Keeping legs straight, bend forward and reach for toes
- Note how far you can reach
Scoring:
- Palms flat on floor (10 points)
- Fingertips touch floor (8 points)
- Fingertips touch toes (5 points)
- Fingertips reach ankles (2 points)
- Can't reach past knees (0 points)
Your Score: ___/10
Test 4: Single-Leg Balance (Balance)​
Instructions:
- Stand on one leg
- Lift other foot off ground (can touch ankle to calf)
- Arms can be out for balance
- Time how long you can hold without touching down
- Do both sides, use average
Scoring:
-
Under 50:
- 45+ seconds (10 points)
- 30-45 seconds (7 points)
- 15-30 seconds (4 points)
- <15 seconds (1 point)
-
50-70:
- 30+ seconds (10 points)
- 20-30 seconds (7 points)
- 10-20 seconds (4 points)
- <10 seconds (1 point)
-
70+:
- 20+ seconds (10 points)
- 10-20 seconds (7 points)
- 5-10 seconds (4 points)
- <5 seconds (1 point)
Your Score: ___/10
👀 Signs & Signals​
What Your Results Indicate
Understanding Your Scores​
Your movement baseline reveals important signals about your current and future health.
High Daily Movement Score (15-20 points)
- Signal: Active lifestyle, good NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis)
- Indicates: Lower metabolic disease risk, better energy balance
- Future outlook: Strong foundation for health
Low Daily Movement Score (<10 points)
- Signal: Sedentary lifestyle
- Indicates: Increased risk for metabolic syndrome, weight gain
- Warning signs: Low energy, difficulty maintaining weight
- Action needed: Priority area—start with more daily movement
High Structured Exercise Score (20-25 points)
- Signal: Intentional training habits established
- Indicates: Good cardiorespiratory fitness, maintained muscle mass
- Future outlook: Reduced chronic disease risk
Low Structured Exercise Score (<10 points)
- Signal: No regular training
- Indicates: Likely declining fitness, muscle loss (especially if over 30)
- Warning signs: Getting winded easily, difficulty with physical tasks
- Action needed: Begin basic strength and cardio routine
Movement Quality Issues (Pain, Poor Posture, Low Confidence)
- Signal: Compensation patterns, weakness, or injury
- Indicates: Increased injury risk, accelerated decline
- Warning signs: Daily pain, avoiding certain movements
- Action needed: May need professional assessment (PT, chiropractor)
Physical Test Interpretations​
Sit-to-Stand Test
- What it reveals: Leg strength, balance, functional capacity
- Strong performance: Good for daily activities (stairs, getting up)
- Weak performance: Fall risk, difficulty with daily tasks
- Aging signal: Below-average scores predict hospitalization risk in older adults
Plank Hold
- What it reveals: Core stability, trunk strength
- Strong performance: Better posture, lower back protection
- Weak performance: Back pain risk, poor posture
- Health signal: Core strength correlates with overall fitness
Toe Touch
- What it reveals: Hamstring and lower back flexibility
- Strong performance: Better movement quality, lower injury risk
- Weak performance: Tight posterior chain, compensatory movement
- Aging signal: Flexibility declines faster with inactivity
Single-Leg Balance
- What it reveals: Proprioception, ankle/hip stability
- Strong performance: Lower fall risk, better movement control
- Weak performance: High fall risk (especially in older adults)
- Brain signal: Balance requires brain-body coordination
Pattern Recognition​
Strength without Mobility
- You score high on strength tests but can't touch toes
- Common in: Lifters who skip stretching
- Risk: Injury, limited range of motion
- Fix: Add daily mobility work
Mobility without Strength
- You're flexible but struggle with plank or sit-to-stand
- Common in: Yoga practitioners who don't strength train
- Risk: Joint instability, injury
- Fix: Add resistance training
Good Tests, Low Activity
- Physical tests are good but daily movement is low
- Common in: People who exercise but sit all day
- Risk: "Active couch potato" syndrome
- Fix: Increase daily movement, hourly breaks
High Activity, Poor Tests
- You're active but tests reveal weakness
- Common in: Walkers who don't strength train
- Risk: Limited by specific deficits
- Fix: Address weak areas with targeted training
📊 Scoring​
Calculate Your Score
Add Up Your Points​
| Section | Your Score | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Part 1: Questionnaire | ||
| A: Daily Movement | ___ | 20 |
| B: Structured Exercise | ___ | 25 |
| C: Movement Quality | ___ | 15 |
| Part 2: Physical Tests | ||
| Sit-to-Stand | ___ | 10 |
| Plank Hold | ___ | 10 |
| Toe Touch | ___ | 10 |
| Single-Leg Balance | ___ | 10 |
| TOTAL | ___ | 100 |
Interpret Your Score​
| Score | Category | What It Means |
|---|---|---|
| 85-100 | Excellent | Strong movement foundation. Maintain and optimize. |
| 70-84 | Good | Solid base with areas for improvement. |
| 55-69 | Needs Attention | Movement gaps affecting health/function. |
| 40-54 | Concerning | Significant limitations. Priority area. |
| Below 40 | Critical | Movement is severely limited. Start gently. |
Component Analysis​
| Component | Low Score Means |
|---|---|
| Daily Movement (A) | Sedentary lifestyle |
| Structured Exercise (B) | No intentional training |
| Movement Quality (C) | Pain or limitations |
| Sit-to-Stand | Leg strength deficit |
| Plank | Core weakness |
| Toe Touch | Flexibility issue |
| Balance | Balance/stability deficit |
📸 What It Looks Like​
Example Assessment Results
Sample Profiles​
Understanding real-world examples helps you contextualize your own results.
Example 1: The Desk Worker
Profile: Sarah, 35, Software Engineer
Daily Sitting: 8+ hours
Exercise: Occasional yoga
Scores:
├─ Daily Movement: 6/20 (3,000 steps/day)
├─ Structured Exercise: 8/25 (yoga 1x/week)
├─ Movement Quality: 11/15 (no pain, poor posture)
├─ Sit-to-Stand: 7/10 (14 reps)
├─ Plank: 8/10 (75 seconds)
├─ Toe Touch: 8/10 (fingertips to floor)
└─ Balance: 7/10 (35 seconds)
TOTAL: 55/100 (Needs Attention)
Analysis:
- Strong: Flexibility and core from yoga
- Weak: Daily movement severely limited
- Pattern: "Active couch potato" - exercises but sits all day
- Priority: Increase daily steps, hourly movement breaks
Example 2: The Weekend Warrior
Profile: Mike, 42, Sales Manager
Daily Activity: Moderate walking
Exercise: Basketball on weekends
Scores:
├─ Daily Movement: 14/20 (8,000 steps)
├─ Structured Exercise: 10/25 (basketball 2x/week)
├─ Movement Quality: 9/15 (knee pain sometimes)
├─ Sit-to-Stand: 4/10 (11 reps)
├─ Plank: 2/10 (20 seconds)
├─ Toe Touch: 2/10 (reaches shins)
└─ Balance: 4/10 (18 seconds)
TOTAL: 45/100 (Concerning)
Analysis:
- Strong: Daily activity is good
- Weak: No strength training, poor core, limited mobility
- Pattern: Sport-focused but lacks foundation
- Risk: Knee pain from weakness, injury risk
- Priority: Add strength training 2x/week, daily mobility
Example 3: The Dedicated Trainee
Profile: Lisa, 28, Teacher
Daily Activity: Walks to work
Exercise: Gym 4x/week (strength + cardio)
Scores:
├─ Daily Movement: 18/20 (10,000+ steps)
├─ Structured Exercise: 23/25 (strength 3x, cardio 150 min)
├─ Movement Quality: 15/15 (excellent)
├─ Sit-to-Stand: 10/10 (19 reps)
├─ Plank: 10/10 (2 minutes)
├─ Toe Touch: 5/10 (touches toes barely)
└─ Balance: 10/10 (60 seconds)
TOTAL: 91/100 (Excellent)
Analysis:
- Strong: Everything except flexibility
- Weak: Hamstring tightness
- Pattern: Lifter who skips stretching
- Priority: Add 10 min daily stretching routine
Example 4: The Active Retiree
Profile: Robert, 68, Retired
Daily Activity: Daily walks, gardening
Exercise: Light weights 2x/week
Scores:
├─ Daily Movement: 16/20 (9,000 steps)
├─ Structured Exercise: 15/25 (strength 2x, walking)
├─ Movement Quality: 13/15 (minor stiffness)
├─ Sit-to-Stand: 7/10 (10 reps - age 70+ scale)
├─ Plank: 5/10 (45 seconds)
├─ Toe Touch: 5/10 (touches toes)
└─ Balance: 4/10 (8 seconds - age 70+ scale)
TOTAL: 65/100 (Needs Attention)
Analysis:
- Strong: Daily activity excellent for age
- Weak: Balance is concerning (fall risk)
- Pattern: Active but balance declining
- Priority: Add balance training daily, progress strength work
- Note: Balance score is biggest concern for fall prevention
Score Distribution​
What's typical for different populations:
| Population | Average Score | Common Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| Sedentary office workers | 40-55 | Low daily movement, no strength |
| Casual exercisers | 55-70 | Good intentions, inconsistent |
| Regular gym-goers | 70-85 | Strong but may lack balance/mobility |
| Athletes/Trainers | 85-100 | Well-rounded fitness |
| Older adults (60+) | 50-65 | Activity varies, balance often weak |
🎯 Next Steps Based on Score​
What to Do With Your Results
- 85-100: Excellent
- 70-84: Good
- 55-69: Needs Attention
- Below 55: Critical
Strong Movement Foundation​
What's Working:
- Good activity levels
- Strength and mobility present
- Movement is a strength
Continue By:
- Maintaining current practices
- Setting specific performance goals
- Adding variety to prevent plateaus
Opportunities:
- Focus on specific goals (strength, endurance, sport)
- Help others get moving
- Consider new challenges
Solid Base​
What's Working:
- Regular activity present
- Basic capacity established
Focus On:
- Your lowest-scoring component
- Adding what's missing (strength? cardio? mobility?)
- Consistency over intensity
Suggested Actions:
- Identify weakest physical test
- Add focused work for that area
- If sedentary at work, add movement breaks
Movement Gaps​
Reality Check:
- Current activity insufficient for health
- Missing important movement components
- Affects energy, metabolism, long-term health
Priority Actions:
- Increase daily movement (steps, breaks)
- Add structured exercise 2-3x/week
- Address any pain issues
Recommended Reading:
Movement is Limited​
This is Common—and Fixable:
- Don't be discouraged
- Start where you are
- Small improvements compound
Start Here:
- Walk daily (start with 10 min, build up)
- Stand up every hour
- Basic mobility routine (5 min)
- Consider professional guidance
Important:
- If pain limits movement, see a professional
- Progress slowly—consistency beats intensity
- Any movement is better than none
🚀 Getting Started​
How to Begin Assessing
Quick Start Guide​
Ready to take your movement baseline? Here's exactly what to do.
Step 1: Prepare (5 minutes)
Gather what you need:
- Timer (phone stopwatch works)
- Paper and pen to record scores
- Comfortable clothing
- Standard chair (no arms, normal height)
- Clear floor space (6x6 feet minimum)
Step 2: Choose Your Time
Best times to assess:
- Mid-morning or afternoon (not first thing in morning)
- When you feel "normal" (not sick, exhausted, or unusually energized)
- Not immediately after eating
- Not after intense exercise (wait 24 hours)
Avoid assessing if:
- You're currently injured or in pain
- You're sick or recovering from illness
- You're extremely fatigued
- You've just eaten a large meal
Step 3: Do the Questionnaire First
Why first?
- Gets your brain engaged
- Doesn't require physical effort
- Establishes baseline before physical tests
Tips for honest answers:
- Think about typical behavior, not ideal behavior
- Average over last 2-4 weeks
- If "it depends," choose the more common scenario
- Don't overthink—first instinct is usually accurate
Step 4: Rest Before Physical Tests
Take a 2-3 minute break:
- Walk around lightly
- Shake out arms and legs
- Take a few deep breaths
- Review test instructions
Step 5: Complete Physical Tests in Order
Why this order matters:
- Sit-to-Stand - Explosive, do first while fresh
- Plank - Core endurance, fatiguing but not leg-intensive
- Toe Touch - Static stretch, low fatigue
- Balance - Requires focus, do last when calm
Rest periods:
- 1-2 minutes between tests
- Longer if needed (you're assessing baseline, not fitness)
- Walk around, don't sit immediately
Step 6: Record Everything
Write down:
- Date of assessment
- Time of day
- Each individual score
- Total score
- Any notes (pain, difficulty, observations)
Step 7: Analyze Results
Look at:
- Total score and category
- Weakest component (lowest section score)
- Weakest physical test
- Any pain or limitations noted
Common First-Time Mistakes
| Mistake | Why It's Wrong | Do This Instead |
|---|---|---|
| Rushing through tests | Inaccurate results | Take full rest periods |
| Being too generous | Overestimated baseline | Be ruthlessly honest |
| Comparing to others | Everyone starts somewhere | Compare to yourself only |
| Skipping tests that are hard | Missing important data | Do all tests, record what you can |
| Testing when tired/sick | Doesn't show true baseline | Wait until you feel normal |
What If I Can't Complete a Test?​
If you can't do a physical test at all:
- Record it as 0 points
- Note why (pain, can't get into position, etc.)
- This is valuable information
- Don't be discouraged—it shows where to start
If a test causes pain:
- Stop immediately
- Record what happened
- Consider professional evaluation
- You can still complete other tests
If you're not sure about test form:
- Watch online videos of these common tests
- Do your best approximation
- Consistency matters more than perfect form
- Re-assess with same form in future
After Your First Assessment​
Within 24 hours:
- Review your results
- Identify 1-2 priority areas
- Create simple action plan
- Schedule your first improvement session
Don't try to fix everything at once. Pick the lowest-scoring area and start there.
## đź”§ Improving Each Component
Daily Movement​
| Current Level | Next Step |
|---|---|
| <5,000 steps | Add 10-min walks, twice daily |
| 5,000-7,500 steps | Walk after meals |
| 7,500-10,000 steps | Add one longer walk weekly |
| Too much sitting | Set hourly movement alarm |
Structured Exercise​
| Gap | Solution |
|---|---|
| No strength training | Start with bodyweight 2x/week |
| No cardio | Add 30-min walks, 3x/week |
| No mobility | 10-min routine, daily |
| No balance | Single-leg work in strength training |
Physical Test Improvement​
| Test | How to Improve |
|---|---|
| Sit-to-Stand | Squats, leg press, step-ups |
| Plank | Start with modified, build duration |
| Toe Touch | Daily hamstring stretches, hip hinges |
| Balance | Single-leg stands, progress to eyes closed |
## đź”§ Troubleshooting
Common Movement Assessment Problems​
Taking a movement assessment can bring up concerns, questions, and challenges. Here are solutions to the most common issues people face.
"I'm embarrassed by my results"
The problem: You scored lower than expected and feel ashamed or discouraged.
Why this happens:
- You're comparing yourself to an imagined ideal rather than reality
- You've internalized societal pressure about fitness
- You overestimated your activity level (extremely common)
- You're confusing your starting point with your destination
The solution:
First, understand this: Your score is data, not judgment.
The number doesn't define your worth. It shows where you are right now—which is exactly what you need to know to improve.
Consider this perspective shift:
- A score of 45 isn't "bad"—it's information that tells you where to focus
- Would you rather score 45 and know it, or think you're at 70 while actually declining?
- Every person who scores 85+ started somewhere lower
- The only "bad" score is one you never take because you stay blind to reality
Practical reframe: Instead of "I only scored 52," try "I scored 52, which means I have clear areas to improve. In 8 weeks, I could be at 65."
Your starting point doesn't matter. Your trajectory does.
Remember Jordan from the story section? They started at 52/100 and felt humbled—but they used that information to build a plan. A year later, they were at 78 and felt stronger than they had in years.
Action step: Write down your score and today's date. In 8 weeks, you'll re-assess. Your only job is to be higher than today. That's it.
"I can't do some of the tests"
The problem: One or more physical tests are impossible for you to complete, or you can only do modified versions.
Common scenarios:
- Can't get down to the floor for plank
- Can't hold plank position at all
- Can't touch below knees on flexibility test
- Can't balance on one leg for even 5 seconds
- Physical limitations (injury, disability, chronic condition)
The solution:
First: This is still valuable information. The fact that you can't do a test tells you exactly where you need to start.
For each test, here are modifications:
Plank alternatives:
- Wall plank: Hands on wall, body at angle—hold as long as possible
- Elevated plank: Hands on counter or sturdy table
- Kneeling plank: Start on hands and knees
- Score it: Track whatever version you CAN do, even if it's wall plank for 15 seconds
Sit-to-Stand alternatives:
- Use chair with arms for assistance
- Use higher chair (easier to stand from)
- Count only what you can do in 30 seconds, even if it's just 3 reps
- Score it: Record actual number, note modification used
Toe Touch alternatives:
- Seated toe reach: Sit with legs extended, reach toward toes
- Standing reach: Just note how far you can reach (knees, shins, ankles)
- Score it: Use the scoring guide but note if you're seated
Balance alternatives:
- Hold onto chair lightly with fingertips
- Stand on one leg near wall (don't touch unless needed)
- Progress: fingertips → one finger → no support
- Score it: Track with support, note "with fingertip support"
The key principle: Meet yourself where you are.
If you can only do modified versions, that's your baseline. Track the modification. As you improve, you can progress to standard versions.
What if you physically cannot do a test at all?
- Record it as 0 points or N/A
- Note the reason (injury, limitation, pain)
- Focus on the tests you CAN complete
- Consider whether this test is even relevant for you (someone with permanent balance issues might skip balance test)
Remember: The assessment serves you. If a test isn't safe or possible, it's okay to adapt or skip it. The value is in tracking progress over time, not in perfect test completion.
"My results are inconsistent"
The problem: You took the assessment twice and got very different results, making you question the reliability.
Common causes:
- Different time of day (morning stiffness vs. afternoon looseness)
- Different energy levels (well-rested vs. fatigued)
- Different recent activity (assessed after rest day vs. after hard workout)
- Inconsistent test execution (different plank form, different counting method)
- Real fluctuations (you were sore, hungry, stressed)
The solution:
Standardize your testing conditions:
Timing:
- Test at the same time of day (mid-morning or mid-afternoon is best)
- 24-48 hours after last hard workout
- Not first thing in morning (too stiff) or late evening (too fatigued)
- Same day of week if possible
Physical state:
- Not hungry or overly full
- Well-hydrated
- Not sore from recent workout
- Normal energy levels (not sick, not exhausted)
- After light warm-up if that's what you did before
Test execution:
- Use same test order every time
- Same rest periods between tests
- Same definitions of "completion" (e.g., plank ends when hips sag)
- Same equipment (same chair, same floor surface)
Recording:
- Write detailed notes first time (e.g., "plank ended when lower back felt strain")
- Use those same criteria every time
- Video yourself if helpful for consistency
Expected variation:
Even with perfect standardization, some variation is normal:
- Plank: ±5-10 seconds is normal day-to-day variation
- Sit-to-stand: ±1-2 reps is normal
- Balance: Can vary significantly based on focus/distraction
- Flexibility: More variation in morning vs. evening
What matters: Overall trends, not single data points.
If your scores are:
- Week 1: 55
- Week 4: 58
- Week 8: 62
That's a clear upward trend, even if Week 5 dipped to 54 because you tested while tired.
Action step: Create a testing protocol document. Write down:
- Time of day you'll test
- Day of week
- How many hours after eating
- Rest periods between tests
- Exact test definitions
Use this same protocol every time you re-assess.
"I don't know what my scores mean"
The problem: You have numbers, but you're not sure if they're good, bad, or what to do about them.
Common confusion:
- "Is 67/100 good or bad?"
- "My plank is 8/10 but my flexibility is 2/10—what does that mean?"
- "I scored 55 total but don't know where to start"
The solution:
Understanding total scores:
| Your Score | What It Means | Reality Check |
|---|---|---|
| 85-100 | Excellent movement foundation | Top 20% of population, maintain this |
| 70-84 | Good overall, some gaps | Above average, just need to round out weak areas |
| 55-69 | Needs attention | Below minimum for optimal health, but very fixable |
| 40-54 | Significant gaps | Common for sedentary people, need consistent work |
| Below 40 | Movement severely limited | Typical for inactive adults, start gently and build |
Understanding component scores:
Look at your score breakdown to identify patterns:
Pattern 1: Low daily movement, good exercise
- Example: Daily movement 8/20, but exercise 20/25, physical tests 30/40
- Meaning: You work out but sit too much ("active couch potato")
- Fix: Increase daily steps, hourly movement breaks
Pattern 2: Active but weak
- Example: Daily movement 18/20, but strength tests 10/40
- Meaning: You move a lot but lack structured strength training
- Fix: Add 2x/week resistance training
Pattern 3: Strong but immobile
- Example: Strength tests 25/30, but flexibility 2/10
- Meaning: You lift but never stretch
- Fix: Add daily mobility work, 10 minutes
Pattern 4: Unbalanced development
- Example: Plank 10/10, but balance 2/10
- Meaning: You've trained some areas but neglected others
- Fix: Address the lowest-scoring physical test specifically
How to interpret physical test scores:
| Test Score | What It Means |
|---|---|
| 8-10/10 | Strength in this area, maintain it |
| 5-7/10 | Adequate but could improve |
| 2-4/10 | Weak area, priority for training |
| 0-1/10 | Significant deficit, start with basics |
Decision framework: What to work on first
Use this priority order:
-
Safety issues first: If balance is very low (especially if you're older), this is priority #1 for fall prevention
-
Daily movement if below 10/20: This affects overall health more than you realize
-
Lowest physical test score: This is your weakest link—address it
-
Missing exercise component: If you do zero strength training or zero cardio, add it
Practical example:
Say your scores are:
- Daily movement: 12/20
- Structured exercise: 8/25
- Movement quality: 11/15
- Sit-to-stand: 4/10
- Plank: 6/10
- Flexibility: 8/10
- Balance: 6/10
- Total: 55/100
Analysis:
- Biggest gap: Sit-to-stand (leg strength)
- Secondary gap: Structured exercise frequency
- Strengths: Flexibility is actually good
Action plan:
- Add 2x/week leg-focused strength training (squats, lunges, step-ups)
- Increase daily movement by 2,000 steps (add one 20-min walk)
- Re-assess in 6 weeks
That's it. Two changes. Focus on the biggest gaps.
Action step: Look at your score breakdown. Identify your single lowest score. That's your starting point. Everything else can wait.
## 🤖 For Mo
AI Coach Guidance​
Score-Based Recommendations:
| Score Range | Primary Guidance |
|---|---|
| 85-100 | "Your movement is excellent. Let's discuss specific goals or maintaining this long-term." |
| 70-84 | "Good movement base. Let's look at what could be stronger—strength, cardio, or mobility?" |
| 55-69 | "Movement needs attention. Let's start with daily activity and build from there." |
| <55 | "Let's start gently. Walking daily is the first step. What feels manageable?" |
Physical Test Discussion:
- Low Sit-to-Stand → Discuss leg strength
- Low Plank → Discuss core training
- Low Flexibility → Discuss mobility work
- Low Balance → Discuss stability (especially if older)
Follow-Up Questions:
- "What does a typical day of movement look like for you?"
- "Have you done structured exercise before?"
- "Is there anything that prevents you from being more active?"
Red Flags:
- Pain preventing movement → Recommend professional evaluation
- Significant balance issues (older adults) → Fall risk
- Dramatic discrepancy between perceived and actual fitness
❓ Common Questions​
Frequently Asked Questions About Movement Assessment
Q1: How often should I re-assess my movement baseline?​
Short answer: Every 4-12 weeks, depending on your situation.
Detailed guidance:
- Starting a new routine: Re-assess after 4 weeks to verify you're on track
- Active improvement phase: Every 6-8 weeks to track progress
- Maintenance phase: Quarterly (every 3 months)
- Annual check-in: At minimum, assess yearly to catch decline
Why these intervals?
- Too frequent (<4 weeks): Not enough time for meaningful change
- Too infrequent (>3 months): You might not catch problems early
Q2: My physical tests are good but my daily movement is low. Is that okay?​
Short answer: No—you're an "active couch potato."
What this means: You exercise intentionally but are sedentary the rest of the day. Research shows this pattern still carries health risks:
- Increased metabolic disease risk
- Poor glucose regulation
- Cardiovascular risks persist
The fix:
- Keep your exercise routine
- Add hourly movement breaks
- Increase daily steps to 7,500-10,000
- Stand more throughout the day
Think of it this way: You can't out-exercise a sedentary lifestyle. Both daily movement AND exercise are needed.
Q3: I have pain during some tests. Should I still do them?​
Short answer: Mild discomfort is okay, but sharp pain means stop.
Guidelines:
- Muscle burn/fatigue: Normal, continue
- Mild stiffness/stretch sensation: Normal, continue
- Sharp pain: Stop immediately
- Pain that persists after test: Don't repeat that test
What to do about pain:
- Note which test caused pain
- Note the type and location
- Skip that test for now (record as 0 or N/A)
- Complete other tests if possible
- Consider seeing a professional (PT, doctor)
Red flags requiring professional evaluation:
- Pain that shoots down arms or legs
- Pain that gets worse with rest
- Pain accompanied by numbness or weakness
- Joint pain with swelling
Q4: My score is much lower than I expected. What now?​
Short answer: You just gained valuable information—now you know where you are.
Common reactions:
- "I thought I was more active than this" → Common self-perception bias
- "These tests are too hard" → Tests are age-normed; low scores indicate real deficits
- "I don't have time to improve" → You have time for what you prioritize
What to do:
- Accept the data: Your score is information, not judgment
- Identify ONE priority: Don't try to fix everything
- Start small: Even 10 minutes daily makes a difference
- Re-assess in 6-8 weeks: Track your improvement
Reality check: Most people overestimate their activity level. This assessment shows objective reality.
Q5: Can I improve my score without going to a gym?​
Short answer: Absolutely. Most people can reach 70-80+ without a gym.
No-gym strategies:
For Daily Movement:
- Walk more (to errands, after meals, during calls)
- Take stairs
- Stand while working
- Active hobbies (gardening, cleaning)
For Strength:
- Bodyweight exercises (push-ups, squats, planks)
- Resistance bands
- Household items as weights
- Playground/park equipment
For Cardio:
- Walking (can progress to hills, speed)
- Running/jogging
- Cycling
- Jump rope
- Dancing
For Mobility:
- YouTube yoga/stretching videos
- Daily stretching routine
- Movement-based practices (tai chi)
When gym helps:
- Scores below 40 (might need guidance)
- Targeting 85+ (optimization requires equipment)
- Motivation from group setting
- Professional coaching desired
Q6: I'm over 60 and scored low. Is it too late to improve?​
Short answer: No—movement improvement is possible at any age.
The evidence:
- Strength training shows benefits into 90s
- Balance training reduces fall risk significantly
- Mobility improvements happen quickly
- Functional capacity can improve dramatically
Age-specific considerations:
Start more conservatively:
- Progress slower than younger people
- Focus on consistency over intensity
- Prioritize balance and fall prevention
- Listen to your body more carefully
Special priorities for older adults:
- Balance training (daily)—prevents falls
- Leg strength (2-3x/week)—maintains independence
- Daily walking—cardiovascular health
- Mobility work—maintains range of motion
Success stories: Many people improve scores by 15-25 points in 8-12 weeks, regardless of age. The key is consistency and proper progression.
When to get help:
- If balance is very poor (fall risk)
- If you have multiple health conditions
- If you're completely sedentary and unsure where to start
- Consider working with a physical therapist or qualified trainer
✅ Quick Reference​
Summary Table of Movement Assessments
Assessment Components at a Glance​
| Component | What It Measures | Max Points | Quick Action if Low |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daily Movement | Steps, sitting time, breaks | 20 | Add 2x 10-min walks daily |
| Structured Exercise | Strength, cardio, flexibility frequency | 25 | Start 2x/week basic routine |
| Movement Quality | Pain, posture, confidence | 15 | Address pain, improve posture awareness |
| Sit-to-Stand | Leg strength, functional capacity | 10 | Practice bodyweight squats |
| Plank Hold | Core stability, trunk strength | 10 | Start with modified plank |
| Toe Touch | Flexibility, hamstring length | 10 | Daily hamstring stretches |
| Single-Leg Balance | Stability, proprioception | 10 | Practice single-leg stands |
Score Interpretation Quick Guide​
| Score | Category | Priority Action | Time to Improve |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85-100 | Excellent | Maintain, optimize specific areas | N/A |
| 70-84 | Good | Add missing component | 4-8 weeks |
| 55-69 | Needs Attention | Increase daily movement + 2x/week exercise | 8-12 weeks |
| 40-54 | Concerning | Start walking daily, basic strength | 12-16 weeks |
| <40 | Critical | 10 min daily movement, professional guidance | 16+ weeks |
Minimum Movement Standards​
For basic health, you should meet these minimums:
| Category | Minimum Standard | What This Looks Like |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Steps | 7,500+ | 3-4 short walks throughout day |
| Sitting Time | <8 hours | Hourly breaks, standing work |
| Strength Training | 2x/week | 20-30 min, major muscle groups |
| Cardio | 150 min/week moderate OR 75 min/week vigorous | 30 min, 5x/week or 25 min, 3x/week |
| Flexibility | 2-3x/week | 10 min stretching/yoga |
| Balance | 2-3x/week | Single-leg exercises in routine |
Physical Test Benchmarks​
Target scores to aim for (age-adjusted):
| Test | Good Target | Excellent Target | Elite |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sit-to-Stand (30s) | 15 reps | 18+ reps | 20+ reps |
| Plank Hold | 60 sec | 90 sec | 2+ min |
| Toe Touch | Fingertips to floor | Palms flat | Palms past toes |
| Balance | 30 sec | 45+ sec | 60+ sec |
Improvement Timeline Expectations​
Realistic progress for different starting points:
| Starting Score | 8-Week Gain | 12-Week Gain | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Below 40 | +10-15 points | +15-25 points | Fastest initial gains |
| 40-55 | +8-12 points | +12-20 points | Consistent progress |
| 55-70 | +5-10 points | +8-15 points | Filling specific gaps |
| 70-85 | +3-5 points | +5-10 points | Optimizing weak areas |
| 85+ | +0-3 points | +0-5 points | Fine-tuning, maintenance |
Red Flags Requiring Professional Attention​
| Symptom | Possible Issue | Who to See |
|---|---|---|
| Pain during daily movement | Injury, dysfunction | Physical therapist |
| Severe balance deficit (older adult) | Fall risk, neurological | Doctor, PT |
| Can't complete any physical test | Severe deconditioning, health issue | Doctor |
| Pain that worsens with activity | Injury, chronic condition | Doctor, PT |
| Dramatic score drop from previous | Health change, injury | Doctor |
💡 Key Takeaways​
Based on your score:
- 85-100: Set specific performance goals
- 70-84: Add the missing component (strength/cardio/mobility)
- 55-69: Start with daily walking + basic strength 2x/week
- Below 55: Walk 10 minutes daily, stand more, build gradually
Remember: The best exercise is the one you'll actually do. Start where you are.
🔗 Connections​
- Movement Overview - Movement fundamentals
- Strength Training - Build strength
- Cardiovascular Training - Improve cardio
- Mobility - Flexibility work
- Back to Assessments - Other assessments
📚 Sources​
Evidence-Tiered Citations
Tier 1: Meta-Analyses & Systematic Reviews​
Physical Activity and Mortality
- Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS. "Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence." CMAJ. 2006;174(6):801-809.
- Evidence: Meta-analysis of 33 studies
- Finding: Regular physical activity reduces all-cause mortality by 30-40%
- Application: Foundation for movement assessment importance
Sedentary Behavior and Health Risks
- Wilmot EG, Edwardson CL, Achana FA, et al. "Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis." Diabetologia. 2012;55(11):2895-2905.
- Evidence: Meta-analysis of 18 studies, 794,577 participants
- Finding: Sedentary time independently associated with disease risk
- Application: Why daily movement score matters separately from exercise
Exercise and Brain Health
- Erickson KI, Hillman C, Stillman CM, et al. "Physical Activity, Cognition, and Brain Outcomes: A Review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines." Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1242-1251.
- Evidence: Systematic review
- Finding: Exercise improves cognitive function, reduces dementia risk by ~30%
- Application: Science section on brain health benefits
Resistance Training and Aging
- Westcott WL. "Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health." Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012;11(4):209-216.
- Evidence: Review of resistance training studies
- Finding: Strength training benefits extend into 90s
- Application: Age-related strength recommendations
Tier 2: Large Randomized Controlled Trials​
Sit-to-Stand Test Validity
- Jones CJ, Rikli RE, Beam WC. "A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults." Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999;70(2):113-119.
- Study type: Validation study, 7,183 participants
- Finding: 30-second sit-to-stand test valid predictor of functional capacity
- Application: Sit-to-stand test methodology and scoring
Plank Test Reliability
- Schellenberg F, Taylor WR, Lorenzetti S. "Towards evidence based strength training: a comparison of muscle forces during deadlifts, goodmornings and split squats." BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2017;9:13.
- Study type: Biomechanical analysis
- Finding: Core stability predicts injury risk and performance
- Application: Plank test as core assessment
Balance Testing and Fall Risk
- Vellas BJ, Wayne SJ, Romero LJ, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ. "Fear of falling and restriction of mobility in elderly fallers." Age Ageing. 1997;26(3):189-193.
- Study type: Prospective cohort, 1,285 participants
- Finding: Single-leg balance time predicts fall risk
- Application: Balance test scoring and interpretation
Tier 3: Observational Studies & Guidelines​
Physical Activity Guidelines
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition. 2018.
- Source: Federal guidelines based on evidence review
- Recommendations: 150 min moderate or 75 min vigorous cardio + 2x strength
- Application: Structured exercise scoring criteria
Step Count Recommendations
- Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Brown WJ, et al. "How many steps/day are enough? For adults." Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:79.
- Study type: Review and consensus
- Finding: 7,500-10,000 steps/day for health benefits
- Application: Daily movement step count thresholds
Flexibility Assessment
- Mayorga-Vega D, Merino-Marban R, Viciana J. "Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach Tests for Estimating Hamstring and Lumbar Extensibility: a Meta-Analysis." J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13(1):1-14.
- Evidence: Meta-analysis of validity studies
- Finding: Toe-touch tests valid for hamstring flexibility
- Application: Flexibility test methodology
Active Couch Potato Syndrome
- Owen N, Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW. "Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior." Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2010;38(3):105-113.
- Study type: Review
- Finding: Exercise doesn't fully offset prolonged sitting
- Application: Pattern recognition section
Tier 4: Expert Consensus & Clinical Practice​
Age-Adjusted Norms
- American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 11th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
- Source: Professional guidelines
- Content: Age-specific fitness testing norms
- Application: Age-adjusted scoring for physical tests
Functional Movement Assessment
- Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom BJ, Voight M. "Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 1." Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9(3):396-409.
- Study type: Clinical assessment framework
- Content: Movement quality assessment principles
- Application: Movement quality questionnaire design
NEAT and Metabolic Health
- Levine JA. "Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)." Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;16(4):679-702.
- Study type: Review and original research
- Finding: Daily movement contributes significantly to energy expenditure
- Application: Daily movement component rationale
Assessment Methodology Sources​
Test Selection Rationale The four physical tests were selected based on:
- Validity: Proven to measure stated construct
- Reliability: Consistent results on repeat testing
- Practicality: Can be performed at home without equipment
- Relevance: Predict health outcomes and functional capacity
- Safety: Low injury risk when performed correctly
Scoring System Development Point allocations based on:
- Public health guidelines (WHO, CDC, ACSM)
- Epidemiological data on dose-response relationships
- Clinical cutoffs for health risk
- Population norms from validation studies
Evidence Quality Notes​
What makes evidence "strong":
- Large sample sizes (1,000+ participants)
- Randomized controlled trial design
- Meta-analyses combining multiple studies
- Long-term follow-up (years, not weeks)
- Replication across populations
Limitations acknowledged:
- Self-reported activity has known bias
- Physical tests are snapshots, not comprehensive
- Individual variation is high
- Tests don't capture all aspects of fitness
- Scoring thresholds involve some clinical judgment
For Further Reading​
Books:
- "Exercised" by Daniel Lieberman (Harvard evolutionary biology of movement)
- "Built to Move" by Kelly Starrett (functional movement assessment)
- "Outlive" by Peter Attia (longevity-focused fitness framework)
Online Resources:
- CDC Physical Activity Guidelines: cdc.gov/physicalactivity
- ACSM Exercise is Medicine: exerciseismedicine.org
- WHO Physical Activity Recommendations: who.int/health-topics/physical-activity